Amputacja kończyn w materiale PSP w Krakowie na rok 2018. Opis przypadku.

Praca dotyczy urazowej amputacji kończyny górnej. Amputacja jest urazem otwartym należącym do ciężkich. Amputacja jest stanem zagrożenia życia pacjenta i właściwa pomoc jest niezbędna. W materiale Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w Krakowie w 2018 roku odnotowano jeden przypadek, w którym nastąpiła całkowita, urazowa amputacja kończyny. Amputacja była skutkiem wypadku komunikacyjnego. Zdarzenie miało charakter pojedynczy. W pracy opisano postępowanie ratownicze

Ionic liquids and their bases : striking differences in the dynamic heterogeneity near the glass transition

Ionic liquids (ILs) constitute an active field of research due to their important applications. A challenge for these investigations is to explore properties of ILs near the glass transition temperature Tg, which still require our better understanding. To shed a new light on the issues, we measured ILs and their base counterparts using the temperature modulated calorimetry. We performed a comparative analysis of the dynamic heterogeneity at Tg for bases and their salts with a simple monoatomic anion (Cl-). Each pair of ionic and non-ionic liquids is characterized by nearly the same chemical structure but their intermolecular interactions are completely different. We found that the size of the dynamic heterogeneity of ILs near Tg is considerably smaller than that established for their dipolar counterparts. Further results obtained for several other ILs near Tg additionally strengthen the conclusion about the relatively small size of the dynamic heterogeneity of molecular systems dominated by electrostatic interactions. Our finding opens up new perspectives on designing different material properties depending on intermolecular interaction type

Novel approach to automated flow titration for the determination of Fe(III)

A novel approach to automated flow titration with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of Fe(III) is presented. The approach is based on the possibility of strict and simultaneous control of the flow rates of sample and titrant streams over time. It consists of creating different but precisely defined concentration gradients of titrant and analyte in each successively formed monosegments, and is based on using the calculated titrant dilution factor. The procedure was verified by complexometric titration of Fe(III) in the form of a complex with sulfosalicylic acid, using EDTA as a titrant. Fe(III) and Fe(II) (after oxidation to Fe(III) with the use of H2O2) were determined with good precision (CV lower than 1.7%, n = 6) and accuracy ( | RE | lower than 3.3%). The approach was applied to determine Fe(III) and Fe(II) in artesian water samples. Results of determinations were consistent with values obtained using the ICP–OES reference method. Using the procedure, it was possible to perform titration in 6 min for a wide range of analyte concentrations, using 2.4 mL of both sample and titrant

Isochronal conditions - the key to maintain the given solubility limit, of a small molecule within the polymer matrix, at elevated pressure

In this work, we proposed the method to maintain the desired level of drug’s solubility within the polymer matrix by adjusting conditions to uphold the same molecular dynamics of the system (e.g., temperature for set elevated pressure or vice versa). Namely, we observed, that recrystallization of the drug from the supersaturated drug−polymer system, initiated for the same structural relaxation time of the sample (τα‑1) ceases when certain, different than the initial, molecular mobility of the systems is reached (τα‑2)regardless of a given combination of temperature and pressure conditions. Based on the presented results, one can conclude that the molecular dynamics seem to control the process of recrystallization of the excess amount of solute from the supersaturated solution (e.g., small molecules dissolved within the polymer). Therefore, it appears that the elevated pressure compensates the effect of solubility enhancement caused by the elevated temperature. Such information not only is of fundamental relevance in science but also, from a much broader perspective, could be potentially very useful considering extrusion-based manufacturing methods

Glass-forming tendency of molecular liquids and the strength of the intermolecular attractions

When we cool down a liquid below the melting temperature, it can either crystallize or become supercooled, and then form a disordered solid called glass. Understanding what makes a liquid to crystallize readily in one case and form a stable glass in another is a fundamental problem in science and technology. Here we show that the crystallization/glass-forming tendencies of the molecular liquids might be correlated with the strength of the intermolecular attractions, as determined from the combined experimental and computer simulation studies. We use van der Waals bonded propylene carbonate and its less polar structural analog 3-methyl-cyclopentanone to show that the enhancement of the dipole-dipole forces brings about the better glass-forming ability of the sample when cooling from the melt. Our finding was rationalized by the mismatch between the optimal temperature range for the nucleation and crystal growth, as obtained for a modeled Lennard-Jones system with explicitly enhanced or weakened attractive part of the intermolecular 6-12 potential

New limits of secondary β-relaxation

Glass is an ultraviscous liquid that ceases to flow on a laboratory timescale but continues to relax on a geological timescale. Quintessentially, it has become hopeless for humans to explore the equilibrium behavior of glass, although the technology of glass making witness a remarkable advance. In this work, we propose a novel thermodynamic path to prepare a high density amorphous state of matter (carvedilol dihydrogen phosphate) using high pressure. In addition, we provide the impeccable experimental evidence of heterogeneous nature of secondary β-relaxation and probe its properties to understand the various aspects of pressure densified glass, such as dynamics, packing and disorder. These features are expected to provide new horizons to glass preparation and functional response to pharmaceutical applications

Physical Stability and Viscoelastic Properties of Co-Amorphous Ezetimibe/Simvastatin System

The purpose of this paper is to examine the physical stability as well as viscoelastic properties of the binary amorphous ezetimibe–simvastatin system. According to our knowledge, this is the first time that such an amorphous composition is prepared and investigated. The tendency toward re-crystallization of the amorphous ezetimibe–simvastatin system, at both standard storage and elevated temperature conditions, have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Our investigations have revealed that simvastatin remarkably improves the physical stability of ezetimibe, despite the fact that it works as a plasticizer. Pure amorphous ezetimibe, when stored at room temperature, begins to re-crystallize after 14 days after amorphization. On the other hand, the ezetimibe-simvastatin binary mixture (at the same storage conditions) is physically stable for at least 1 year. However, the devitrification of the binary amorphous composition was observed at elevated temperature conditions (T = 373 K). Therefore, we used a third compound to hinder the re-crystallization. Finally, both the physical stability as well as viscoelastic properties of the ternary systems containing different concentrations of the latter component have been thoroughly investigated

Novel approach to sample preconcentration by solvent evaporation in flow analysis

A preconcentration module operated in flow mode and integrated with a sequential injection system with spectrophotometric detection was developed. Using the system, preconcentration was performed in continuous mode and was based on a membraneless evaporation process under diminished pressure. The parameters of the proposed system were optimized and the system was tested on the example of the spectrophotometric determination of Cr(III). The preconcentration effectiveness was determined using the signal enhancement factor. In the optimized conditions for Cr(III), it was possible to obtain the signal enhancement factors of around 10 (SD: 0.9, n = 4) and determine Cr(III) with precision and intermediate precision of 8.4 and 5.1% (CV), respectively. Depending on the initial sample volume, signal enhancement factor values of about 20 were achieved. Applicability of the developed preconcentration system was verified in combination with the capillary electrophoresis method with spectrophotometric detection on the example of determination of Zn in certified reference materials of drinking water and wastewater. Taking into account the enhancement factor of 10, a detection limit of 0.025 mg L−1 was obtained for Zn determination. Zn was determined with precision less than 6% (CV) and the results were consistent with the certified values